Centrifugal pumps: efficiency, curve and operating point
The operating point of a centrifugal pump lies where the pump curve intersects the system curve. If the pump is oversized, this point shifts to the right, efficiency drops and bearings and mechanical seal take radial loads. A pump two sizes too large often costs more energy over ten years than its purchase price.
Avoiding cavitation
Cavitation occurs when pressure at the impeller inlet falls below the vapour pressure of the medium. Remedies are short suction lines, large cross-sections, flooded suction instead of suction lift and – with hot media – a clear safety margin on the system NPSH.
- Calculate the system curve instead of estimating it
- Operate the pump at 80–110 % of its best efficiency point
- Use speed control instead of throttling
- Match the sealing system to the medium – with solids or chemicals switch to air-operated diaphragm pumps from Versamatic
